Fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, often indicative of an underlying illness or infection. It is a common symptom of various medical conditions and can manifest in different ways. Here’s a detailed overview of fever and its types:
What is a fever?
A fever is when your body temperature rises higher than normal. A fever itself isn’t an illness. Rather, it’s a symptom of a wide range of health conditions. When your body temperature rises a few degrees above normal, it can be a sign that your immune system has been activated, often to fight an infection. It can also be a side effect of some medications and vaccinations.
What is considered a fever?
Humans – like all mammals – are warm-blooded, meaning our bodies stay warm, or at a fairly consistent temperature, even when the temperature of our surroundings change.
Common knowledge states that a “normal” body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But your baseline body temperature may vary by a degree or more. It also fluctuates. It’s typically lower in the morning and higher in the evening. It’s higher during certain points of your menstrual cycle and when you’re exercising.
A rectal temperature is usually 0.5°F (0.3°C) to 1°F (0.6°C) higher than an oral temperature. For example, the average normal oral temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), while a rectal temperature may be 99.6°F (37.5°C). However, the exact relationship between different types of temperature measurement is unclear, and oral temperatures can be as much as 2.91°F lower or 0.74°F higher than rectal measurements.
Rectal and ear thermometers typically measure temperatures at about 1.0 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) higher than oral thermometers. Skin thermometers (such as forehead thermometers) typically measure temperatures at about 1.0 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) lower than oral thermometers.
What is a low-grade fever?
A low-grade fever is between 99 degrees F (37.2 C) and 100.4 degrees F (38.0 C). It is usually nothing to worry about and will typically run its course in several days or less without treatment. Infections are the most common cause, but there are also non-infectious causes (including medications and stress).
Definition
Fever is generally defined as a body temperature above the normal range of 98.6°F (37°C). However, this can vary slightly from person to person.
Causes
- Infections: Most fevers are caused by infections such as viral or bacterial illnesses like the common cold, flu, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, etc.
- Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other inflammatory disorders can also cause fever.
- Medications: Certain medications can cause fever as a side effect.
- Heat Exhaustion: Exposure to extreme heat can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke, resulting in fever.
- Cancer: Some cancers can cause fever, particularly leukemias and lymphomas.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Diseases like lupus and certain types of vasculitis can lead to fever.
Symptoms
- Elevated Temperature: The hallmark symptom of fever is an elevated body temperature.
- Chills and Sweating: Often, people with fever experience chills followed by sweating as the body tries to regulate its temperature.
- Headache: Many individuals with fever complain of headaches.
- Muscle Aches: Body aches and pains are common accompanying symptoms.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or fatigued is common with fever.
- Loss of Appetite: People with fever may experience a decreased appetite.
- Dehydration: Fever can lead to increased fluid loss through sweating, potentially causing dehydration.
Diagnosis
Doctors typically diagnose fever by measuring body temperature using a thermometer. Other diagnostic tests may be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the fever, such as blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, or other specialized tests depending on the suspected cause.
Treatment:
Treatment of fever depends on its underlying cause and severity. However, general measures to manage fever include:
- Rest: Getting plenty of rest helps the body recover from infections or other underlying causes.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration, especially if there is sweating associated with the fever.
- Medications: Over-the-counter fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help reduce fever and alleviate symptoms. However, it’s essential to follow the dosing instructions carefully and consult a healthcare professional, especially in children or if there are other medical conditions present.
- Homeopathy
- Aconitum . For fever that comes on suddenly and alternates with chills, heat, and flushing of the face.
- Apis mellifica . For fever associated with alternating bouts of wet (sweating) and dry body heat.
- Belladonna
- Bryonia
- Ferrum phosphoricum .
- Gelsemium
In some cases, treating the underlying cause of the fever is necessary for resolution.
When to Seek Medical Attention:
- High Fever: A fever above 103°F (39.4°C) in adults or 100.4°F (38°C) in infants should prompt medical evaluation.
- Persistent Fever: If fever persists for more than a few days without improvement, medical attention is warranted.
- Symptoms Worsen: If symptoms worsen despite home care measures, medical evaluation is necessary.
- Other Concerning Symptoms: Presence of other concerning symptoms such as difficulty breathing, severe headache, confusion, persistent vomiting, or rash should prompt immediate medical attention.
Always consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of fever, especially if accompanied by severe symptoms or if there are underlying health conditions.
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